(Aristotle, full name, Aristotle of Stagira)
(Aristotle, born, c.384 BCE)
(Aristotle, birthplace, Stagira in Chalcidice, Macedonia)
(Aristotle, died, 322 BCE)
(Aristotle, death place, Chalcis on the island of Euboea)
(Aristotle, nationality/ethnicity, Ancient Greek/Macedonian)
(Aristotle, father, Nicomachus)
(Nicomachus, occupation, physician to the Macedonian royal court)
(Aristotle, mother, traditionally named Phaestis)
(Aristotle, moved to Athens, c.367 BCE)
(Aristotle, became student of, Plato)
(Aristotle, studied at, Plato's Academy)
(Aristotle, length of stay at Academy, about 20 years)
(Aristotle, relationship to Plato, student and critic)
(Aristotle, left Athens, c.347 BCE)
(Aristotle, tutored, Alexander the Great)
(Aristotle, began tutoring Alexander, c.343 BCE)
(Aristotle, founded school, the Lyceum)
(Lyceum, founded by, Aristotle)
(Lyceum, location, Athens)
(Aristotle, teaching style, peripatetic/walking while lecturing)
(Peripatetic school, named for, Aristotle's habit of walking while teaching)
(Theophrastus, successor to, Aristotle as head of the Lyceum)
(Aristotle, marital status/partners, married to Pythias (wife) and later partner Herpyllis)
(Aristotle, children, son named Nicomachus)
(Aristotle, fled Athens because of, anti-Macedonian sentiment and charges of impiety)
(Aristotle, primary occupation, philosopher and scientist)
(Aristotle, wrote, treatises and lecture notes)
(Aristotle, estimated number of treatises written, approximately 200)
(Aristotle, number of surviving works, approximately 30–33 treatises)
(Aristotle, works transmitted via, manuscripts, Byzantine tradition, Arabic and Latin translations)
(Aristotle, major collected logical works called, Organon)
(Organon, includes, Categories; On Interpretation; Prior Analytics; Posterior Analytics; Topics; Sophistical Refutations)
(Aristotle, major works in ethics include, Nicomachean Ethics and Eudemian Ethics)
(Nicomachean Ethics, subject, virtue ethics and the good life)
(Aristotle, author of, Politics)
(Politics, subject, theory and classification of constitutions and the polis)
(Aristotle, author of, Metaphysics)
(Metaphysics, subject, being qua being, substance, form and matter)
(Aristotle, author of, Physics)
(Aristotle, author of, De Anima (On the Soul))
(Aristotle, author of, Poetics)
(Aristotle, author of, Rhetoric)
(Aristotle, author of, History of Animals)
(Aristotle, author of, Parts of Animals)
(Aristotle, author of, Generation of Animals)
(Aristotle, approach to knowledge, empirical observation combined with logical analysis)
(Aristotle, method, systematic classification and inductive reasoning from particulars to universals)
(Aristotle, major contribution to logic, development of the syllogism)
(Syllogism, described in, Prior Analytics)
(Aristotle, defined, ten categories of being)
(Aristotle, categories include, substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, state, action, passion)
(Aristotle, doctrine of causation, four causes)
(Four causes, are, material cause; formal cause; efficient cause; final cause)
(Aristotle, used term for matter+form, hylomorphism)
(Hylomorphism, asserts, substances are composites of matter and form)
(Aristotle, concept of actuality and potentiality, act (energeia) and potency (dunamis))
(Aristotle, argued for, teleology in nature—things have ends or purposes)
(Aristotle, described highest unmoved mover, Prime Mover)
(Prime Mover, role, final cause of motion in the cosmos)
(Aristotle, on the soul, soul is form of a living body)
(Aristotle, ethics centered on, virtue and the mean between extremes)
(Golden mean, principle, moral virtue is a midpoint between excess and deficiency)
(Aristotle, defined practical reasoning, phronesis or practical wisdom)
(Aristotle, distinguished intellectual virtues from, moral virtues)
(Aristotle, politics view, humans are by nature political animals)
(Aristotle, classified regimes, monarchy, aristocracy, polity, and their corrupt forms)
(Aristotle, view on slavery, asserted concept of natural slavery—controversial)
(Aristotle, contributions to biology, systematic observation and classification of animals)
(Aristotle, method in biology, dissection and comparative anatomy)
(Aristotle, observed, embryological development and reproduction in animals)
(Aristotle, believed in, spontaneous generation in some organisms)
(Aristotle, physics included, study of motion, place, void, time, and the four elements)
(Aristotle, elements, earth, water, air, fire)
(Aristotle, on celestial bodies, argued they are made of aether and move in circles)
(Aristotle, view on void, denied existence of a void/vacuum in nature)
(Aristotle, on mathematics, regarded it as abstract and not primary science of nature)
(Aristotle, epistemology, knowledge begins with sense perception and proceeds to universal principles)
(Aristotle, posterior analytics, subject, demonstration and scientific knowledge)
(Aristotle, on rhetoric, described modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos, logos)
(Aristotle, on poetry and tragedy, outlined concepts like mimesis, catharsis, hamartia in Poetics)
(Aristotle, aesthetics, emphasized imitation and structure in art)
(Aristotle, anthropology, view, humans distinguished by rational soul)
(Aristotle, metaphysical term 'substance' (ousia), refers to, primary beings that exist independently)
(Aristotle, distinction, potentiality vs actuality central to change and being)
(Aristotle, influential pupil, Alexander the Great)
(Alexander the Great, influence by, Aristotle's education in science and philosophy)
(Theophrastus, pupil of, Aristotle)
(Theophrastus, contributions, succeeded Aristotle and advanced botany and Peripatetic school)
(Aristotle, founded library and research program, at the Lyceum)
(Aristotle, research practice, collection of specimens and written notes)
(Aristotle, legacy in science, dominated ancient and medieval thought in many fields)
(Aristotle, influence on Islamic philosophers, including Avicenna and Averroes)
(Aristotle, influence on medieval Christian scholastics, including Thomas Aquinas)
(Thomas Aquinas, synthesized, Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology)
(Aristotelianism, became central to, medieval universities and scholasticism)
(Aristotle, works translated into Arabic and Latin, preserved and commented upon in Middle Ages)
(Aristotle, reputation in Renaissance, revived and critically studied)
(Aristotle, relation to Plato's theory of forms, rejected separate transcendent forms in favor of forms in things)
(Aristotle, ethical teleology, good is final end or telos of human life)
(Aristotle, concept of eudaimonia, often translated as, flourishing or well-being)
(Aristotle, linkage of virtue and eudaimonia, virtuous activity in accordance with reason leads to flourishing)
(Aristotle, on friendship, identified types: utility, pleasure, and perfect/virtuous friendship)
(Aristotle, role of leisure (schole), important for, contemplation and philosophic life)
(Aristotle, highest activity, contemplation (theoria) is the supreme form of human life)
(Aristotle, view on mathematics and first principles, deduction from axioms and observation necessary)
(Aristotle, treatment of motion, distinguished between natural and violent motion)
(Aristotle, law of motion, heavier bodies fall faster—classical Aristotelian physics)
(Aristotle, critique of atomism, rejected Democritus's atomistic void theory)
(Aristotle, psychology, proposed sense perception, imagination, and intellect faculties)
(Aristotle, intellect distinction, passive intellect (nous pathetikos) and active intellect (nous poietikos))
(Aristotle, on language, studied categories and propositions as foundations for logic)
(Aristotle, syllogistic logic, considered, the first formal deductive system)
(Aristotle, on causality in explanation, final cause often central to biological explanation)
(Aristotle, teleological explanations, used extensively in biology and ethics)
(Aristotle, political classification, distinguished good constitutions from corrupt ones by aim)
(Aristotle, advocated mixed constitution in certain contexts, as practical polity)
(Aristotle, economic views, private property justified but with social/regulatory considerations)
(Aristotle, educational views, emphasized, habituation and moral education)
(Aristotle, rhetorical treatise, Rhetoric, influential in rhetorical theory)
(Aristotle, treatise on tragedy, Poetics, foundational for literary criticism)
(Aristotle, view on art's moral effects, catharsis in tragedy purges emotions)
(Aristotle, treatise on natural history, History of Animals, pioneering systematic zoology)
(Aristotle, taxonomy approach, classified animals by anatomy, mode of life, and habitat)
(Aristotle, concept of form, form is the organizing principle of matter)
(Aristotle, on substance and essence, essence tied to form and definition)
(Aristotle, method of definition, genus-plus-differentia)
(Aristotle, political anthropology, humans naturally form households and polis)
(Aristotle, stance on change, every change involves underlying matter taking on new form)
(Aristotle, view on ethics and legislation, law should cultivate virtue)
(Aristotle, practical science, concerned with contingent human affairs and aims)
(Aristotle, view on the good life, contemplative life is highest but political life also valuable)
(Aristotle, wrote rhetorical and ethical advice for statesmen and citizens)
(Aristotle, notion of particular vs universal, universals are instantiated in particulars)
(Aristotle, established empirical methods that influenced later natural science)
(Aristotle, influence on medieval natural philosophy, central until Renaissance and Scientific Revolution)
(Aristotle, later critique by, early modern scientists such as Galileo and Newton)
(Aristotle, reception in Islamic world, often integrated with Islamic theology)
(Aristotle, body of work includes, lecture notes, treatises for students, and shorter works)
(Aristotle, style of surviving works, often technical and instructional rather than literary)
(Aristotle, economic and household treatises, included in, Politics and related works)
(Aristotle, methodological emphasis, classification and teleological explanation)
(Aristotle, contribution to ethics, notion that virtues are acquired by habit)
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