Here are facts about photosynthesis as (subject, predicate, object) triples:

## Definition & Basics
- (Photosynthesis, is, biological process)
- (Photosynthesis, converts, light energy into chemical energy)
- (Photosynthesis, produces, glucose)
- (Photosynthesis, produces, oxygen)
- (Photosynthesis, requires, sunlight)
- (Photosynthesis, requires, water)
- (Photosynthesis, requires, carbon dioxide)
- (Photosynthesis, has overall equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2)

## Organisms
- (Plants, perform, photosynthesis)
- (Algae, perform, photosynthesis)
- (Cyanobacteria, perform, photosynthesis)
- (Some protists, perform, photosynthesis)
- (Photosynthetic organisms, are called, autotrophs)
- (Photosynthetic organisms, are called, primary producers)

## Location
- (Photosynthesis, occurs in, chloroplasts)
- (Chloroplasts, contain, thylakoids)
- (Thylakoids, are stacked into, grana)
- (Chloroplasts, contain, stroma)
- (Chloroplasts, have, double membrane)
- (Thylakoids, contain, chlorophyll)

## Pigments
- (Chlorophyll, absorbs, light)
- (Chlorophyll, reflects, green light)
- (Chlorophyll a, is, primary photosynthetic pigment)
- (Chlorophyll b, is, accessory pigment)
- (Carotenoids, are, accessory pigments)
- (Carotenoids, absorb, blue and green light)
- (Chlorophyll, contains, magnesium atom)

## Stages
- (Photosynthesis, has stage, light-dependent reactions)
- (Photosynthesis, has stage, light-independent reactions)
- (Light-independent reactions, are also called, Calvin cycle)
- (Light-independent reactions, are also called, dark reactions)

## Light-Dependent Reactions
- (Light-dependent reactions, occur in, thylakoid membrane)
- (Light-dependent reactions, produce, ATP)
- (Light-dependent reactions, produce, NADPH)
- (Light-dependent reactions, produce, oxygen)
- (Light-dependent reactions, split, water molecules)
- (Water splitting, is called, photolysis)
- (Photosystem II, absorbs light at, 680 nm)
- (Photosystem I, absorbs light at, 700 nm)
- (Electron transport chain, generates, proton gradient)
- (ATP synthase, produces, ATP)
- (ATP synthesis, uses, chemiosmosis)

## Calvin Cycle
- (Calvin cycle, occurs in, stroma)
- (Calvin cycle, fixes, carbon dioxide)
- (Calvin cycle, uses, ATP)
- (Calvin cycle, uses, NADPH)
- (Calvin cycle, produces, G3P)
- (G3P, is precursor to, glucose)
- (RuBisCO, catalyzes, carbon fixation)
- (RuBisCO, is, most abundant protein on Earth)
- (Calvin cycle, has phase, carbon fixation)
- (Calvin cycle, has phase, reduction)
- (Calvin cycle, has phase, regeneration of RuBP)

## Variants
- (C3 photosynthesis, is, most common pathway)
- (C4 photosynthesis, minimizes, photorespiration)
- (CAM photosynthesis, occurs in, succulents)
- (CAM photosynthesis, opens stomata at, night)
- (C4 plants, include, corn)
- (C4 plants, include, sugarcane)
- (CAM plants, include, cacti)
- (CAM plants, include, pineapples)

## Ecological Importance
- (Photosynthesis, supports, food chains)
- (Photosynthesis, produces, atmospheric oxygen)
- (Photosynthesis, removes, atmospheric CO2)
- (Great Oxidation Event, was caused by, cyanobacteria photosynthesis)
- (Great Oxidation Event, occurred, ~2.4 billion years ago)

## Related Processes
- (Photorespiration, competes with, photosynthesis)
- (Photorespiration, occurs when, RuBisCO binds oxygen)
- (Cellular respiration, is reverse of, photosynthesis)
- (Stomata, allow, gas exchange)
- (Guard cells, regulate, stomata)

## Limiting Factors
- (Light intensity, affects, photosynthesis rate)
- (CO2 concentration, affects, photosynthesis rate)
- (Temperature, affects, photosynthesis rate)
- (Water availability, affects, photosynthesis rate)

## History
- (Jan Ingenhousz, discovered, plants need light for photosynthesis)
- (Joseph Priestley, discovered, plants produce oxygen)
- (Melvin Calvin, elucidated, Calvin cycle)
- (Melvin Calvin, won, Nobel Prize in 1961)
