Here are key facts about the theory of evolution as subject-predicate-object triples:

**Core Concepts:**
- Evolution, is, the change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations
- Natural selection, is, the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype
- Charles Darwin, proposed, the theory of evolution by natural selection
- Alfred Russel Wallace, co-discovered, the principle of natural selection
- Evolution, explains, the diversity of life on Earth

**Mechanisms:**
- Genetic variation, provides, the raw material for evolution
- Mutations, create, new genetic variants in populations
- Gene flow, transfers, genetic variation between populations
- Genetic drift, causes, random changes in allele frequencies
- Natural selection, favors, beneficial traits
- Sexual selection, drives, the evolution of traits that improve mating success

**Evidence:**
- Fossil record, shows, progression of life forms over time
- Transitional fossils, demonstrate, intermediate forms between species
- Comparative anatomy, reveals, homologous structures across species
- Vestigial organs, indicate, evolutionary ancestry
- Molecular biology, confirms, genetic relationships between organisms
- Biogeography, supports, evolution through geographic distribution patterns
- Observed evolution, occurs, in laboratory and natural populations

**Key Principles:**
- Populations, evolve, not individuals
- Evolution, requires, heritable variation
- Offspring, inherit, traits from parents
- Populations, produce, more offspring than can survive
- Individuals, compete, for limited resources
- Favorable traits, increase, reproductive success
- Allele frequencies, change, over generations

**Speciation:**
- Speciation, creates, new species
- Reproductive isolation, prevents, gene flow between populations
- Allopatric speciation, occurs, through geographic separation
- Sympatric speciation, happens, within the same geographic area
- Adaptive radiation, produces, many species from a common ancestor

**Evolutionary Processes:**
- Common descent, links, all life to shared ancestors
- Phylogenetic trees, represent, evolutionary relationships
- Convergent evolution, produces, similar traits in unrelated lineages
- Coevolution, involves, reciprocal evolutionary changes between species
- Extinction, removes, species from the biosphere

**Modern Synthesis:**
- Modern synthesis, combines, Darwinian evolution with Mendelian genetics
- Population genetics, studies, allele frequency changes
- Evolutionary developmental biology, examines, how development evolves
- Molecular evolution, analyzes, DNA and protein sequence changes
