(Photosynthesis, is, metabolic process)
(Autotrophs, perform, photosynthesis)
(Plants, perform, photosynthesis)
(Algae, perform, photosynthesis)
(Cyanobacteria, perform, photosynthesis)
(Photosynthesis, converts, light energy)
(Light energy, becomes, chemical energy)
(Chemical energy, is stored in, glucose)

(Photosynthesis, consumes, carbon dioxide)
(Photosynthesis, consumes, water)
(Photosynthesis, consumes, photons)
(Photosynthesis, produces, glucose)
(Photosynthesis, produces, oxygen)
(Photosynthesis, produces, water)

(Plant leaves, contain, mesophyll cells)
(Plant leaves, feature, stomata)
(Stomata, allow, gas exchange)
(Stomata, intake, carbon dioxide)
(Stomata, release, oxygen)
(Mesophyll cells, contain, chloroplasts)
(Chloroplasts, host, photosynthesis)
(Chloroplasts, have, double membranes)
(Chloroplasts, contain, stroma)
(Chloroplasts, contain, thylakoids)
(Thylakoids, form, grana)
(Thylakoid membranes, hold, photosynthetic pigments)

(Photosystems, contain, chlorophyll)
(Chlorophyll, absorbs, blue light)
(Chlorophyll, absorbs, red light)
(Chlorophyll, reflects, green light)
(Chloroplasts, contain, Chlorophyll A)
(Chloroplasts, contain, Chlorophyll B)
(Chloroplasts, contain, carotenoids)

(Photosynthesis, consists of, light-dependent reactions)
(Photosynthesis, consists of, light-independent reactions)

(Light-dependent reactions, occur inside, thylakoid membranes)
(Light-dependent reactions, require, light energy)
(Light-dependent reactions, involve, Photosystem II)
(Light-dependent reactions, involve, Photosystem I)
(Photosystem II, absorbs, photons)
(Photon absorption, excites, electrons)
(Photosystem II, splits, water molecules)
(Water splitting, is called, photolysis)
(Photolysis, releases, oxygen gas)
(Photolysis, releases, hydrogen ions)
(Photolysis, replaces, lost electrons)
(Excited electrons, travel through, electron transport chain)
(Electron transport chain, pumps, protons)
(Proton pumping, creates, electrochemical gradient)
(Electrochemical gradient, powers, ATP synthase)
(ATP synthase, performs, chemiosmosis)
(ATP synthase, generates, ATP)
(Photosystem I, receives, electrons)
(Photosystem I, re-energizes, electrons)
(Re-energized electrons, reduce, NADP+)
(NADP+ reduction, generates, NADPH)
(Light-dependent reactions, supply, ATP)
(Light-dependent reactions, supply, NADPH)

(Light-independent reactions, are called, Calvin cycle)
(Calvin cycle, occurs inside, stroma)
(Calvin cycle, does not require, light)
(Calvin cycle, features, carbon fixation)
(Calvin cycle, features, reduction phase)
(Calvin cycle, features, regeneration phase)
(Enzyme RuBisCO, catalyzes, carbon fixation)
(RuBisCO, binds, carbon dioxide)
(RuBisCO, attaches CO2 to, RuBP)
(Carbon fixation, creates, 3-PGA)
(ATP, phosphorylates, 3-PGA)
(NADPH, reduces, phosphorylated molecules)
(Reduction phase, produces, G3P)
(G3P, serves as, carbohydrate precursor)
(Two G3P molecules, form, one glucose molecule)
(Remaining G3P molecules, regenerate, RuBP)
(Regeneration phase, consumes, ATP)

(RuBisCO, sometimes binds, oxygen)
(Oxygen binding, initiates, photorespiration)
(Photorespiration, wastes, energy)
(Photorespiration, loses, fixed carbon)
(Evolution, created, alternative pathways)

(Standard plants, utilize, C3 photosynthesis)
(Hot-climate plants, evolved, C4 photosynthesis)
(C4 photosynthesis, spatially separates, carbon fixation)
(Mesophyll cells, fix, initial carbon)
(Bundle-sheath cells, run, Calvin cycle)
(C4 plants, include, corn)
(C4 plants, include, sugarcane)
(C4 photosynthesis, minimizes, photorespiration)

(Desert plants, evolved, CAM photosynthesis)
(CAM photosynthesis, temporally separates, carbon fixation)
(CAM plants, open stomata during, night)
(CAM plants, absorb carbon dioxide during, night)
(CAM plants, store carbon as, malic acid)
(CAM plants, close stomata during, day)
(CAM plants, run Calvin cycle during, day)
(CAM plants, include, cacti)
(CAM plants, include, pineapples)
(CAM photosynthesis, minimizes, water loss)

(Photosynthesis, forms, base of food web)
(Photosynthesis,
