Below is a list of Nobel Prize (incl. the Economics Prize) laureates for whom the **3rd letter** of their **country of birth** (English name) is **lexicographically lower** (alphabetically earlier) than the **3rd letter** of their **country of death**.

Lexicographic comparison is done case-insensitively on the **3rd character** of the country name (e.g., **Italy → “a”**, **United States → “i”**, and **a < i**).

| Laureate | Prize (year, field) | Birth country (3rd letter) | Death country (3rd letter) | Check |
|---|---:|---|---|---|
| **Alexis Carrel** | 1912, Physiology or Medicine | **France** (“a”) | **United States** (“i”) | a < i |
| **Enrico Fermi** | 1938, Physics | **Italy** (“a”) | **United States** (“i”) | a < i |
| **Salvador E. Luria** | 1969, Physiology or Medicine | **Italy** (“a”) | **United States** (“i”) | a < i |
| **Severo Ochoa** | 1959, Physiology or Medicine | **Spain** (“a”) | **United States** (“i”) | a < i |
| **Franco Modigliani** | 1985, Economic Sciences | **Italy** (“a”) | **United States** (“i”) | a < i |
| **Peter Medawar** | 1960, Physiology or Medicine | **Brazil** (“a”) | **United Kingdom** (“i”) | a < i |
| **César Milstein** | 1984, Physiology or Medicine | **Argentina** (“g”) | **United Kingdom** (“i”) | g < i |
| **Gabriel García Márquez** | 1982, Literature | **Colombia** (“l”) | **Mexico** (“x”) | l < x |
| **John C. Harsanyi** | 1994, Economic Sciences | **Hungary** (“n”) | **Australia** (“s”) | n < s |
| **Imre Kertész** | 2002, Literature | **Hungary** (“n”) | **Germany** (“r”) | n < r |

Notes/assumptions (can change results):
- Country names are taken in their common **English** forms (“United States”, “United Kingdom”, etc.).
- “Country of birth/death” is treated as the country containing the birth/death place (not citizenship), and not as historical empires unless explicitly used.

If you want, I can also provide a Wikidata SPARQL query that generates the full list automatically (and we can pin down the exact “country name” rules to avoid ambiguity with historical states).
