Probably not fully—at least not yet, and maybe not in the way people often mean.

Science can explain a lot about consciousness:
- which brain regions are involved,
- how attention, memory, perception, and self-awareness work,
- how sleep, anesthesia, injury, and drugs change conscious experience,
- how neural activity correlates with reports of awareness.

But there’s still a major open question: why do these physical processes feel like something from the inside? This is often called the “hard problem” of consciousness.

So the current situation is:

- **Science likely can explain the mechanisms** of consciousness very well.
- **Whether that amounts to a full explanation of subjective experience** is still debated.
- Some researchers think future neuroscience will solve it.
- Others think consciousness may require new concepts or a different kind of explanation.

In short: **science explains a lot, but a complete explanation of consciousness remains unresolved.**

If you want, I can also summarize the main scientific theories of consciousness in plain language.
