Here is a broad set of photosynthesis facts expressed as `(subject, predicate, object)` triples:

```text
(photosynthesis, is, biological energy-conversion process)
(photosynthesis, converts, light energy into chemical energy)
(photosynthesis, stores energy in, carbohydrates)
(photosynthesis, uses, carbon dioxide)
(photosynthesis, uses, water)
(photosynthesis, produces, sugars)
(photosynthesis, releases, oxygen in oxygenic photosynthesis)
(photosynthesis, occurs in, plants)
(photosynthesis, occurs in, algae)
(photosynthesis, occurs in, cyanobacteria)
(photosynthesis, occurs in, some bacteria)
(photosynthesis, supports, most food webs on Earth)
(photosynthesis, contributes to, atmospheric oxygen)
(photosynthesis, removes, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere)
(photosynthesis, is affected by, light intensity)
(photosynthesis, is affected by, carbon dioxide concentration)
(photosynthesis, is affected by, temperature)
(photosynthesis, is affected by, water availability)
(photosynthesis, is affected by, nutrient availability)

(oxygenic photosynthesis, uses electron donor, water)
(oxygenic photosynthesis, produces, oxygen)
(oxygenic photosynthesis, occurs in, plants)
(oxygenic photosynthesis, occurs in, algae)
(oxygenic photosynthesis, occurs in, cyanobacteria)
(oxygenic photosynthesis, overall equation, 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2)

(anoxygenic photosynthesis, does not produce, oxygen)
(anoxygenic photosynthesis, uses electron donors such as, hydrogen sulfide)
(anoxygenic photosynthesis, occurs in, some bacteria)
(anoxygenic photosynthesis, can produce, sulfur compounds)

(chloroplast, is, organelle of photosynthesis in plants and algae)
(chloroplast, contains, chlorophyll)
(chloroplast, contains, thylakoids)
(chloroplast, contains, stroma)
(chloroplast, has membrane, outer membrane)
(chloroplast, has membrane, inner membrane)
(chloroplast, has internal membranes, thylakoid membranes)
(thylakoids, are arranged into, grana in many plant chloroplasts)
(grana, are stacks of, thylakoids)
(stroma, surrounds, thylakoids)
(light reactions, occur in, thylakoid membrane)
(Calvin cycle, occurs in, stroma)

(chlorophyll, is, photosynthetic pigment)
(chlorophyll a, is, primary photosynthetic pigment)
(chlorophyll b, is, accessory pigment)
(carotenoids, are, accessory pigments)
(carotenoids, protect against, photooxidative damage)
(carotenoids, absorb, blue-green light)
(chlorophyll a, absorbs strongly, blue and red light)
(chlorophyll, reflects, green light)
(green leaves, appear green because of, reflected green light)
(pigments, capture, photons)
(photons, excite, electrons in pigments)
(antenna complexes, collect, light energy)
(antenna complexes, transfer energy to, reaction centers)

(light reactions, require, light)
(light reactions, produce, ATP)
(light reactions, produce, NADPH)
(light reactions, release, oxygen in oxygenic photosynthesis)
(light reactions, split, water)
(light reactions, generate, proton gradient)
(light reactions, provide energy for, Calvin cycle)

(photosystem II, is, protein-pigment complex)
(photosystem II, absorbs light best near, 680 nm)
(photosystem II reaction center, is called, P680)
(photosystem II, oxidizes, water)
(photosystem II, releases, oxygen)
(photosystem II, releases, protons into thylakoid lumen)
(photosystem II, donates electrons to, plastoquinone)
(oxygen-evolving complex, splits, water)
(oxygen-evolving complex, contains, manganese-calcium cluster)
(water splitting, produces, electrons)
(water splitting, produces, protons)
(water splitting, produces, oxygen)

(plastoquinone, carries electrons from, photosystem II)
(plastoquinone, carries electrons to, cytochrome b6f complex)
(plastoquinone, transports, protons across thylakoid membrane)
(cytochrome b6f complex, transfers electrons to, plastocyanin)
(cytochrome b6f complex, pumps, protons into thylakoid lumen)
(plastocyanin, contains, copper)
(plastocyanin, transfers electrons to, photosystem I)

(photosystem I, is, protein-pigment complex)
(photosystem I, absorbs light best near, 700 nm)
(photosystem I reaction center, is called, P700)
(photosystem I, receives electrons from, plastocyanin)
(photosystem I, transfers electrons to, ferredoxin)
(ferredoxin, transfers electrons to, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase)
(ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, reduces, NADP+)
(ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, produces, NADPH)
(NADP+, accepts, electrons)
(NADPH, carries, reducing power)

(proton gradient, forms across, thylakoid membrane)
(proton gradient, has high proton concentration in, thylakoid lumen)
(proton gradient, drives, ATP synthase)
(ATP synthase, produces, ATP)
(ATP synthase, uses process, chemiosmosis)
(chemiosmosis, couples, proton flow to ATP synthesis)
(photophosphorylation, produces, ATP using light-driven electron transport)

(noncyclic electron flow, involves, photosystem II and photosystem I)
(noncyclic electron flow, produces, ATP)
(noncyclic electron flow, produces, NADPH)
(noncyclic electron flow, produces, oxygen)
(cyclic electron flow, involves, photosystem I)
(cyclic electron flow, produces, ATP)
(cyclic electron flow, does not produce, NADPH)
(cyclic electron flow, does not release, oxygen)
(cyclic electron flow, helps balance, ATP/NADPH ratio)

(Calvin cycle, is, carbon fixation pathway)
(Calvin cycle, uses, ATP)
(Calvin cycle, uses, NADPH)
(Calvin cycle, uses, carbon dioxide)
(Calvin cycle, produces, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
(Calvin cycle, regenerates, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)
(Calvin cycle, includes phase, carbon fixation)
(Calvin cycle, includes phase, reduction)
(Calvin cycle, includes phase, regeneration)
(Calvin cycle, does not directly require, light)
(Calvin cycle, depends on, products of light reactions)

(RuBP, stands for, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)
(RuBP, accepts, carbon dioxide)
(Rubisco, catalyzes, CO2 fixation)
(Rubisco, combines, CO2 with RuBP)
(Rubisco, produces, unstable six-carbon intermediate)
(unstable six-carbon intermediate, splits into, two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate)
(3-phosphoglycerate, is also called, 3-PGA)
(3-PGA, is reduced to, G3P)
(G3P, stands for, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
(G3P, can be used to make, glucose)
(G3P, can be used to make, sucrose)
(G3P, can be used to make, starch)
(G3P, can be used to make, cellulose)
(Calvin cycle, requires per 3 CO2, 9 ATP)
(Calvin cycle, requires per 3 CO2, 6 NADPH)
(Calvin cycle, yields per 3 CO2, one net G3P)
(two G3P molecules, can form, one glucose molecule)

(Rubisco, is, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase)
(Rubisco, is, abundant enzyme)
(Rubisco, has carboxylase activity, CO2 fixation)
(Rubisco, has oxygenase activity, photorespiration)
(Rubisco, can bind, oxygen)
(Rubisco, can bind, carbon dioxide)
(Rubisco specificity, affects, photosynthetic efficiency)

(photorespiration, begins with, Rubisco oxygenation of RuBP)
(photorespiration, consumes, oxygen)
(photorespiration, releases, carbon dioxide)
(photorespiration, consumes, ATP)
(photorespiration, reduces, photosynthetic efficiency)
(photorespiration, increases with, high temperature)
(photorespiration, increases with, low CO2 concentration)
(photorespiration, increases with, high O2 concentration)
(photorespiration, involves, chloroplasts)
(photorespiration, involves, peroxisomes)
(photorespiration, involves, mitochondria)

(C3 photosynthesis, uses, Calvin cycle directly for carbon fixation)
(C3 photosynthesis, first stable product, 3-phosphoglycerate)
(C3 photosynthesis, occurs in, many temperate plants)
(C3 plants, include, wheat)
(C3 plants, include, rice)
(C3 plants, include, soybeans)
(C3 plants, are more prone to, photorespiration)

(C4 photosynthesis, concentrates, carbon dioxide near Rubisco)
(C4 photosynthesis, reduces, photorespiration)
(C4 photosynthesis, first stable product, four-carbon acid)
(C4 photosynthesis, uses enzyme, PEP carboxylase)
(PEP carboxylase, fixes, bicarbonate)
(PEP carboxylase, has low affinity for, oxygen)
(C4 plants, separate initial CO2 fixation and Calvin cycle, spatially)
(C4 plants, often have, Kranz anatomy)
(Kranz anatomy, involves, bundle-sheath cells)
(Kranz anatomy, involves, mesophyll cells)
(C4 plants, include, maize)
(C4 plants, include, sugarcane)
(C4 plants, include, sorghum)
(C4 photosynthesis, is advantageous in, hot bright environments)

(CAM photosynthesis, stands for, crassulacean acid metabolism)
(CAM photosynthesis, separates CO2 uptake and Calvin cycle, temporally)
(CAM plants, open stomata, at night)
(CAM plants, close stomata, during the day)
(CAM photosynthesis, conserves, water)
(CAM plants, store CO2 as, organic acids)
(CAM plants, include, cacti)
(CAM plants, include, pineapple)
(CAM plants, include, many succulents)

(stomata, are, pores in leaf epidermis)
(stomata, regulate, gas exchange)
(stomata, allow entry of, carbon dioxide)
(stomata, allow exit of, oxygen)
(stomata, allow loss of, water vapor)
(guard cells, control, stomatal opening)
(water stress, causes, stomatal closure)
(stomatal closure, reduces, CO2 uptake)
(stomatal closure, can increase, photorespiration)
(transpiration, is, water vapor loss from leaves)
(transpiration, supports, water movement through plants)

(leaf, is, primary photosynthetic organ in many plants)
(mesophyll cells, contain, many chloroplasts)
(palisade mesophyll, is specialized for, light absorption)
(spongy mesophyll, facilitates, gas diffusion)
(vascular tissue, transports, water and sugars)
(xylem, transports, water)
(phloem, transports, sugars)
(leaf veins, contain, xylem and phloem)

(light intensity, affects, photosynthetic rate)
(low light, limits, photosynthesis)
(high light, can saturate, photosynthesis)
(excess light, can cause, photoinhibition)
(photoinhibition, damages, photosystem II)
(plants, use, photoprotective mechanisms)
(non-photochemical quenching, dissipates excess light energy as, heat)
(xanthophyll cycle, contributes to, non-photochemical quenching)
(zeaxanthin, participates in, photoprotection)
(violaxanthin, participates in, xanthophyll cycle)

(carbon dioxide concentration, affects, Calvin cycle rate)
(increased CO2, can increase, photosynthesis in C3 plants)
(temperature, affects, enzyme activity)
(high temperature, increases, photorespiration in C3 plants)
(low temperature, slows, enzymatic reactions)
(water availability, affects, stomatal conductance)
(nitrogen availability, affects, chlorophyll content)
(nitrogen availability, affects, Rubisco abundance)
(magnesium, is central atom in, chlorophyll)
(iron, is needed for, electron transport proteins)
(phosphorus, is needed for, ATP and nucleic acids)

(glucose, is, carbohydrate)
(glucose, stores, chemical energy)
(starch, is, storage polysaccharide in plants)
(starch, is stored in, chloroplasts and plastids)
(sucrose, is, transport sugar in many plants)
(cellulose, is, structural polysaccharide)
(photosynthetic products, support, plant growth)
(photosynthetic products, supply carbon skeletons for, amino acids)
(photosynthetic products, supply carbon skeletons for, lipids)
(photosynthetic products, supply carbon skeletons for, nucleotides)

(cyanobacteria, perform, oxygenic photosynthesis)
(cyanobacteria, contributed to, Great Oxidation Event)
(Great Oxidation Event, increased, atmospheric oxygen)
(chloroplasts, evolved from, cyanobacterial endosymbionts)
(endosymbiotic theory, explains, origin of chloroplasts)
(chloroplasts, contain, their own DNA)
(chloroplasts, contain, ribosomes)
(chloroplast DNA, resembles, cyanobacterial DNA)

(algae, perform, photosynthesis)
(phytoplankton, perform, photosynthesis)
(phytoplankton, contribute substantially to, global primary production)
(terrestrial plants, contribute substantially to, global primary production)
(primary production, is, creation of organic matter from inorganic carbon)
(gross primary production, is, total carbon fixed by photosynthesis)
(net primary production, equals, gross primary production minus respiration)
(photosynthesis, supplies energy to, ecosystems)
(photosynthesis, forms basis of, most agricultural productivity)

(plant respiration, consumes, oxygen)
(plant respiration, releases, carbon dioxide)
(photosynthesis, generally exceeds respiration in growing plants during daylight)
(respiration, occurs in, plants day and night)
(photosynthesis, occurs mainly, when light is available)
(sugars from photosynthesis, fuel, cellular respiration)
(cellular respiration, produces, ATP from sugars)

(absorption spectrum, describes, wavelengths absorbed by pigments)
(action spectrum, describes, photosynthetic effectiveness of wavelengths)
(red light, is effective for, photosynthesis)
(blue light, is effective for, photosynthesis)
(green light, is less absorbed by, chlorophyll)
(far-red light, affects, photosystem I and phytochrome responses)
(phytochrome, regulates, plant light responses)
(blue-light receptors, regulate, stomatal opening and phototropism)

(photosynthesis efficiency, is limited by, light capture)
(photosynthesis efficiency, is limited by, Rubisco kinetics)
(photosynthesis efficiency, is limited by, photorespiration)
(photosynthesis efficiency, is limited by, nutrient availability)
(photosynthesis efficiency, is limited by, water stress)
(crop yield, depends partly on, photosynthetic productivity)
(researchers, try to improve, photosynthetic efficiency)
(bioengineering, can target, Rubisco)
(bioengineering, can target, photorespiration)
(bioengineering, can target, light-harvesting systems)
(bioengineering, can target, carbon-concentrating mechanisms)

(artificial photosynthesis, aims to mimic, natural photosynthesis)
(artificial photosynthesis, seeks to produce, fuels)
(artificial photosynthesis, can use, sunlight)
(artificial photosynthesis, can reduce, carbon dioxide)
(artificial photosynthesis, can split, water)
(solar fuels, can store, solar energy chemically)

(photosynthesis, is complemented by, cellular respiration)
(photosynthesis, decreases atmospheric, carbon dioxide)
(photosynthesis, increases atmospheric, oxygen)
(photosynthesis, made possible, aerobic life)
(photosynthesis, is one of, Earth’s most important biochemical processes)
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